Showing posts with label Army. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Army. Show all posts

Wednesday, 12 September 2012

Medal Collecting and Remembrance

From reading some of my recent posts one might be mistaken that medals are just the shiny things worn by young princes or won by glamorous fly-boys.  This is far from the truth, as anyone who as spent time working through World War I casualty lists (as I have recently) will know.  They can be a surviving memento of hard work and sacrifice otherwise forgotten.

This was brought back to me by a couple of posts on the British Medals Forum recently.  The custodian of these medals has kindly allowed me to re-post their story.

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The first is a little collection relating to 67540 Pte James Belcher, Royal Warwicks, late Warwickshire Yeomanry.  It consists of a standard World War I pair - the British War Medal and Victory Medal - along with a memorial plaque and scroll indicating that he was a casualty.  But most medal collectors are interested in more than the artifact - to us the real story is 'the man behind the medal'.

James Belcher was an employee of Mitchell & Butchers Ltd, Cape Hill Brewery, Smethwick.  He enlisted as soon as he could do so at Leamington and served with the 14th Warwicks (1st Birmingham Pals) as part of the 5th Division.  In September 1917 they were sent to Flanders where they were in action during the Third Battle of Ypres. The division then moved to Italy and took up positions in the line along the River Piave in late January 1918. They were recalled to France to assist with the German Advance in late March 1918 and were in action during the Battles of the Lys. On the 14th of August 1918 the 5th Division was withdrawn for two weeks rest. Then moved to The Somme where they were more or less in continuous action over the old battlegrounds until late October 1918.

James Belcher had been killed on 7 September: he was nineteen years old.  He lies with 635 comrades in Ration Farm Military Cemeterty, La Chapelle-D'Armentiers, France (Grave Reference I. A. 7.).

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Pte James Belcher - d. 7 Sep 1918, aged 19


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Not Forgotton - his mother's remembrance


He sleeps beside his comrades
In a hallowed grave unknown
But his memory is written in letters of love
In the hearts of those at home.

Royals in Medals #2 - Prince Harry


Prince Harry in the tropical dress of the Blues and Royals on his Diamond Jubilee Tour of the Bahamas, March 2012.  Army Air Corp officers wear the uniforms and cap badge of their parent regiments, with the blue beret and (if appropriate) wings.
Prince Henry was born on 15 September 1984, the second son of the Prince Charles and Diana, Princess of Wales.

After education at Eton, he attended the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, passing out in 2006 and being commissioned into the Blues and Royals (at the time of writing he is a captain on attachment to the Army Air Corps).  He did not deploy with the Blues and Royals when they were sent to Iraq in May 2007, but served with ISAF in Afghanistan for a curtailed tour of duty in 2008 (halted after 77 days due to a breach of a media black-out).  He then trained as an Apache pilot with the Army Air Corps, re-deploying to Afghanistan in September 2012.

Honorary military appointments

United Kingdom 
  • Commodore-in-Chief of Small Ships and Diving, Royal Navy
  • Honorary Air Commandant of RAF Honington
No doubt due to his status as a serving Army officer, Prince Harry seems not to have had photographs taken in the uniform of his RN or RAF honorary ranks.
Canada
  • Honorary Canadian Ranger

Orders, Decorations and Medals


Royal Victorian Order
Knight Commander (KCVO), 4 June 2015






Campaign Medals

OSM for Afghanistan BAR.svg Operational Service Medal, Afghanistan

NATO Non-article 5 Medal, ISAF
Currently awarded to UK personnel on a 'keepsake' basis - approval for wear is not yet given, but this position is under review.

Commemorative Medals

Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal ribbon.png Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal, 2002

QEII Diamond Jubilee Medal ribbon.png Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal, 2012
Harry's March 2012 tour of the Caribbean was the first sighting this medal. It was only sanctioned for wear after 7 June, with the exception of those on official jubilee duties in the presence of the Queen
 


Update 5 June 2015

Harry appointed KCVO.





Saturday, 1 September 2012

Sassoon at Craiglockhart



Today is the anniversary of the death at the age of 80 of the soldier-poet Siegfried Sassoon in 1967.

Probably his most important piece of writing was the Soldier's Declaration, written in July 1917.
I am making this statement as an act of willful defiance of military authority because I believe that the war is being deliberately prolonged by those who have the power to end it. I am a soldier, convinced that I am acting on behalf of soldiers. I believe that the war upon which I entered as a war of defence and liberation has now become a war of aggression and conquest. I believe that the purposes for which I and my fellow soldiers entered upon this war should have been so clearly stated as to have made it impossible to change them and that had this been done the objects which actuated us would now be attainable by negotiation.

I have seen and endured the sufferings of the troops and I can no longer be a party to prolonging these sufferings for ends which I believe to be evil and unjust. I am not protesting against the conduct of the war, but against the political errors and insincerities for which the fighting men are being sacrificed.

On behalf of those who are suffering now, I make this protest against the deception which is being practised upon them; also I believe it may help to destroy the callous complacency with which the majority of those at home regard the continuance of agonies which they do not share and which they have not enough imagination to realise.
Sassoon faced court-martial, but Robert Graves intervened, giving the authorities the get-out of declaring the Sassoon was suffering mental illness.  He was accordingly sent to Craiglockhart Military Hospital, where he was treated and befriended by W H R Rivers and met Wilfred Owen, on whom he was to have a great influence.

The Craiglockhart War Hospital

Craiglockhart War Hospital for Officers was established in 1916 in the requisitioned Craiglockhart Hydropathic Institute, near Edinburgh.  It specialised in the treatment of neurasthenia ('shell shock').   Rivers  wanted his patients to talk about their experiences and face their fear and the horror of what had happened to them - the ‘talking cure'.  In doing this Rivers became a life-long friend and mentor to many of his patients (including Sassoon).  He conducted three sessions a week with Sassoon, in which he also tried to get him to return to the battle front. Rivers considered shell shock to be an illness and treated all of his patients as individuals who needed special care. He also had ethical concerns about his role - he felt that curing patients was problematic when they would be returned to the front line, where he believed they would be in danger of having another breakdown.

Rivers, Craiglockhart and the talking cure are at the core of Pat Barker's excellent Regeneration Trilogy - with Sassoon as a major character in the first novel and Owen's fatal return to France featuring in the last.

Rivers' back-story is fascinating.
Rivers at Craiglockhart

Born in 1864, William Halse Rivers Rivers was the son of a Church of England priest, who had a side-line in speech therapy (one of his patients was the Revd Charles Dodgson), his uncle was the founder of the Anthropological Society (later the Royal Anthropological Institute of GB and Ireland).  William had a stammer and lacked visual imagination, both of which were to inform his later works.  He had intended to attend the University of Cambridge to study classics, but the necessity of earning a living led him to medicine, which he studied at London University  He application to join the RAMC on graduation was rejected on health grounds, instead he decided to go to sea as a ship's surgeon (a popular route for medical graduates in the nineteenth century).  On graduating as a MD and becoming a FRCP, where he began specialising in neurology and psychology.  He worked at Barts, the National Hospital and Guy's before being appointed to a lectureship at Cambridge, where he became a Fellow of St John's.

In 1898 Rivers headed the Torres Straits Expedition.  Initially he studied colour-perception among the islanders in comparison to Europeans (sensory perception was a preoccupation of the Cambridge psychologists at that time), but his collection of islanders' genealogical  information for genetic purposes turned his mind to ethnological and anthropological questions.  Rivers was to pursue his anthropological enquiries with expeditions to Melanesia in 1907-08 and 1914-15.  After his time at Craiglockhart, Rivers was attached to the Royal Flying Corps.  In 1919 he returned to St John's, and died on 4 June 1922 after being taken suddenly ill.

His death prompted Sassoon to write  'To A Very Wise Man':

I

FIRES in the dark you build; tall quivering flames
In the huge midnight forest of the unknown.
Your soul is full of cities with dead names,
And blind-faced, earth-bound gods of bronze and stone
Whose priests and kings and lust-begotten lords
Watch the procession of their thundering hosts,
Or guard relentless fanes with flickering swords
And wizardry of ghosts.

II

In a strange house I woke; heard overhead
Hastily-thudding feet and a muffled scream...
(Is death like that?) ... I quaked uncomforted,
Striving to frame to-morrow in a dream
Of woods and sliding pools and cloudless day.
(You know how bees come into a twilight room
From dazzling afternoon, then sail away
Out of the curtained gloom.)

III

You understand my thoughts; though, when you think,
You’re out beyond the boundaries of my brain.
I’m but a bird at dawn that cries ‘chink, chink’—
A garden-bird that warbles in the rain.
And you’re the flying-man, the speck that steers
A careful course far down the verge of day,
Half-way across the world. Above the years
You soar ... Is death so bad? ... I wish you’d say.

The Rivers Centre at the Royal Edinburgh Hospital is a clinic, established in 1997, for the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.  There are several charities aimed at helping veterans with PTSD; in the UK these include Combat Stress and Healing the Wounds.


Wilfred Owen
I've not left myself much room to talk about Wilfred Owen (a patient of Arthur Brock rather than Rivers).   Perhaps I shall do so come 4 November.  For the time being, here is one of his best poems, the draft of which Sassoon famously amended:-

Anthem For Doomed Youth

What passing-bells for these who die as cattle?
Only the monstrous anger of the guns.
Only the stuttering rifles' rapid rattle
Can patter out their hasty orisons.
No mockeries now for them; no prayers nor bells,
Nor any voice of mourning save the choirs, -
The shrill, demented choirs of wailing shells;
And bugles calling for them from sad shires.

What candles may be held to speed them all?
Not in the hands of boys, but in their eyes
Shall shine the holy glimmers of goodbyes.
The pallor of girls' brows shall be their pall;
Their flowers the tenderness of patient minds,
And each slow dusk a drawing down of blinds.



Wednesday, 29 August 2012

A Warriors' Farewell

Published on Aug 25, 2012 by NZDefenceForce
Haka is used throughout New Zealand by many, not only Māori, to demonstrate their collective thoughts. There is a haka for each of the Services, as well as the Defence Force. Units with the NZ Army have their own haka. This video shows the soldiers of 2/1 RNZIR Battalion performing their Unit haka, powerfully acknowledging the lives and feats of their fallen comrades as they come onto the Unit's parade ground. It is also an emotive farewell for they will leave via the waharoa (the carved entrance way) for the very last time.
Haka --sometimes termed a posture dance could also be described as a chant with actions. There are various forms of haka; some with weapons some without, some have set actions others may be 'free style.' Haka is used by Māori (indigenous people of New Zealand) for a myriad of reasons; to challenge or express defiance or contempt, to demonstrate approval or appreciation, to encourage or to discourage, to acknowledge feats and achievements, to welcome, to farewell, as an expression of pride, happiness or sorrow. There is almost no inappropriate occasion for haka; it is an outward display of inner thoughts and emotions. Within the context of an occasion it is abundantly clear which emotion is being expressed.

Tuesday, 28 August 2012

The (Other) Duke of Cambridge

Field Marshal HRH Prince George, Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Tipperary and Baron Culloden,  Prince of Hanover and Duke of Brunswick and Lünenburg


Early Life and Connections

Prince George was born on 26 March 1819.  He was the eldest child and only son of  Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, the tenth child of George III, and Princess Augusta, a descendent of George II .   A proper Hanoverian, he was even born there, as his father served as viceroy for his brothers.  The family moved back to England in 1837, when the accession of George's cousin Victoria to the British throne led to the separation of the two crowns.  He succeed to the Dukedom on his father's death in 1850.

His sister, Princess Mary Adelaide ('Fat Mary'), was the mother of Mary of Teck, later George V's queen consort. 

Military Career

George followed his father into the army, moving quickly up the ranks - by 1837 he was a colonel in both the Hanoverian and British Armies.  But his was no honorary position - he was stationed at Gibraltar, in Ireland and in the Ionian Islands.  Prince George was appointed Inspector of the Cavalry in 1852.
 
In 1854 he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general, in command of the 1st Division (Guards and Highland brigades), serving in the Crimean War.  He was present at the battles of the Alma, Balaclava and Inkerman (where his horse was shot under him) and at the siege of Sevastopol.  He received the thanks of Parliament.

'The grand charge of the Guards on the Heights of the Alma, Sept. 20th, 1854'

In July 1856, the Duke was appointed general commanding-in-chief of the British Army, a post that was retitled field marshal commanding-in-chief on him gaining that rank in 1862, and commander-in-chief of the forces in 1887.   He served as commander-in-chief for 39 years.  He was finally forced out office in 1895 after years of opposing army reform - 'There is a time for everything, and the time for change is when you can no longer help it.'

The Duke of Cambridge served as colonel-in-chief of the 17th Lancers, Royal Artillery and Royal Engineers; the The Middlesex Regiment (Duke of Cambridge's Own) and King's Royal Rifle Corps; colonel of the Grenadier Guards; honorary colonel of the 10th (Duke of Cambridge’s Own) Bengal Lancers, 20th Duke of Cambridge's Own Punjabis, 4th Battalion Suffolk Regiment, 1st City of London Volunteer Brigade and the Scots Fusilier Guards.   He became governor of the Royal Military Academy in 1862, and its president in 1870.   He was the patron of the Oxford Military College from 1876-1896.




The duke died in London on 17 March 1904, the last surviving grandson of George III.  He is buried in Kensal Green Cemetery.


The Duke of Cambridge's tomb in Kensal Green Cemetery


The Orders and Medals

HRH wears his medals in a Victorian way. His campaign medals are up in his collar and his order stars where a modern soldier would put his medals. This isn't just a one-off or due to the constraints of the jacket he is wearing, as can be seen in most portraits of him.


The orders and medals are, along with his field marshal's baton, uniform and other items in the Guards' Museum, Wellington Barracks, London.



The Medals

Cambridge wears the campaign medal for Crimea with four clasps (Alma, Balaklava, Inkerman, Sebastopol), he also has the Turkish Crimea Medal.






The Orders

Following regulations for wear, Cambridge only has four stars in each picture.

In both portraits he wears the blue sash of the the Garter with the star in the 'North' position.  It appears to differ slightly in design from the C19th example shown here.

He was created a knight of the Garter in 1835.




At his neck he wears the badge of a GCMG.  The star is in the 'West' position of the photograph and the 'East' of the miniature.  He was Grand Master of the Order from 1850 to his death in 1904, becoming a GCMG in 1877.




At the 'South' of the arrangement is the star of the GCB (military division).





At the  'East' in the photograph is the star of a KP.


To the 'West' in the miniature is the star of the GCSI.  Cambridge was created a GCSI in 1877.






However, Cambridge had plenty of stars in the box.  He acquired a full set of British orders.  He was

KG: Knight of the Garter
KT: Knight of the Thistle 
KP: Knight of St Patrick
GCH: Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order
GCB: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath 
GCSI: Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India
GCMG: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
GCIE: Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire   - He was one of the first seven GCIEs in created June 1887 (previously there had only been CIEs and KCIEs).
GCVO: Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order - created 1897 (to mark the Diamond Jubilee?)
KJStJ: Knight of Justice of the Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem 

Additionally, he held several foreign orders.




Stories You Never Thought You'd Read #1: Jools Holland

Musician Jools Holland has been made Honorary Colonel of 101 (City of London) Engineer Regiment (Explosive Ordnance Disposal)

'Why?'

How long before he's a Deputy Lieutenant? 

Monday, 27 August 2012

Update on Bishop Brindle: Educating a Spanish Queen

 
The guys over at the British Medals Forum have identified Brindle's star as that of the Spanish Order of Isabella la Catolica.


There's even a good suggestion of why he should have received it:-




Princes Ena was Princess Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg (1887–1969), the daughter of Princess Beatrice, and thus a niece of Edward VII and grand-daughter of Queen Victoria.  She married King Alfonso XIII of Spain on 31 May 1906 .  As they were returning from the wedding, they narrowly escaped a bomb thrown from a high window; the explosion killed or injured many bystanders and members of the procession.

Queen Victoria Eugenia of Spain
As any OOS fan will tell you, in the above portrait, the queen is wearing what is technically known as a Stonking Great Tiara.

Saturday, 25 August 2012

Bishop Brindle of Nottingham



Robert Brindle was born in Liverpool 4 November 1837 and studied at the English College in Lisbon.  He was ordained into the Roman Catholic priesthood in 1862, serving the Diocese of Plymouth, before becoming a chaplain to the forces in 1874.  He was stationed at Woolwich, Aldershot and at Halifax, Nova Scotia. 

Egypt, 1882-1885: the Urabi Revolt and The Gordon Relief Expedition

In 1882 he accompanied the Expeditionary Force to Egypt to quell the Urabi Revolt, and served there and in the Sudan with the Royal Irish Regiment for the next four years, exercising 'over his flock a combination of the spiritual influence of the Pope and the earthly authority of a Regimental Sergeant-Major'.  He missed the battle of Tel-el-Kebir due to cholera staying in Cairo, where he nursed those suffering in an outbreak of enteric fever. 

During the unsuccessful Gordon Relief Expedition of 1884-85 Brindle immediately made a favorable impression on the Commander-in-Chief, Lord Wolseley.  Wolseley had put up a prize of £10 for the Regiment making the best time in negotiating the river.  Sir Evelyn Wood later recalled:
I was riding up the banks of the Nile on a camel, and [Brindle] was pulling in a boat of the Royal Irish Regiment.  About sundown on Christmas Day I saw a little flotilla of boats flying the Royal Irish flag toiling up the river.  Father Brindle got out when he had pulled up to us, hot, tired and irritable, with his hands blistered and perspiration running down his face.  Said I: 'Father, what have you been doing?'  'Pulling stroke in order to encourage them.'  'Any result?' I asked.  'Devil a bit.'  ....  The Father was, however, unduly pessimistic, for the Royal Irish won Lord Wolseley's prize.'
During the withdrawal of the Expedition the Royal Irish were ordered across the Bayuda Desert, and Wolseley decided that to send the Regiment without its firebrand Padre was to reduce its rate of march and general fighting efficiency. Accordingly Father Brindle was supplied with a camel for the 100 mile march, but in the event he made the whole journey on foot. He further borrowed a horse and, though harassed by skirmishers, helped the stragglers by allowing them to ride until they were sufficiently recovered to continue marching - 'Those of his flock whom he suspected of swinging the lead were threatened with ex-communication if they failed to keep going'. The Royal Irish completed the return journey in just 67 hours by which time the soles of Father Brindle's boots were gone and rags rolled about his feet, had replaced them. After participation in the Battle of Ginnis in December 1885, Father Brindle returned to England.

Field Marshall Lord Wolseley (1833-1913), Brindle's admirer

For many years Bishop Brindle's photograph stood on the mantlepiece of Wolseley's office in London. One day a stranger noticed the portrait and asked the Field-Marshal who it was. He replied, 'That is one of the finest soldiers in the British Army, Father Brindle'.

The Dongola and Nile Expeditions, 1897-1899
Brindle served as Chaplain at Colchester and Aldershot for a further ten years.  In 1896, aged 59 years, he sailed once more for Egypt and was attached to Sir Herbert Kitchener's Expedition at Dongola. During the long period of inaction that ensued, Father Brindle proved instrumental in keeping the men on the straight and narrow - 'The men', he reassured Lord Edward Cecil of the Grenadiers, 'will do anything if they are going to have a good fight later on'. When typhoid, dysentery and illness brought on by poor sanitation, bad water and the heat, took hold, it was Father Brindle who did as much as anyone to care for the sick of the rank and file. The war artist Richard Caton-Woodville recalled, 'It was he who carried the Tommies out of their quarters in his arms, placed them in the ambulance to convey them to hospital when nobody else would come near, as the cholera was raging and the men were dying like flies, and even many of the Doctors themselves had died'.

In March 1898, during Kitchener's halt at Atbara, Caton-Woodville witnessed another heroic deed:
It was a Saturday night, and word came from another camp some nine miles away that a Catholic soldier was dying. Unarmed, Father Brindle set out at once and walked across the El-Teb, which was infested by the enemy. He administered the last rites to the dying man, and stayed with him to the end. He then tramped back without rest or food, and reached the camp in time to say Mass for his men on Sunday morning
Brindle was subsequently present in the fighting line at the Battles of Atbara and Omdurman which saw the defeat of the Mahdist forces and the avenging of Gordon.

He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order 'in recognition of services in Egypt and the Sudan, including the battles of Atbara and Khartoum' (London Gazette, 15 November 1898), which was presented by Kitchener at a full dress parade of the Cairo Garrison,

The Gordon Memorial Service

Brindle and the other chaplains officiating at the Gordon memorial service

Following the entry into Khartoum, Kitchener decided to hold a memorial service for General Gordon among the ruins of the Governor-General's Palace.

The service was conducted by four chaplains attached to the British infantry: Presbyterian, Church of England, Wesleyan and Roman Catholic. Kitchener stood with his staff while behind him stood the Headquarters staff and generals of divisions; on either side of him were representative detachments of the Egyptian army, detachments of General Gatacre’s division and a small corps of officers from the Royal Engineers, Gordon’s own corps.

According to GW Steevens, 
amidst a silence broken only by the guns, the four chaplains,Catholic, Anglican, Presbyterian, and Methodist, came slowly forward and ranged themselves, with their backs to the palace, just before the Sirdar. The Presbyterian read the Fifteenth Psalm. The Anglican led the rustling whisper of the Lord's Prayer. Snow-haired Father Brindle, best beloved of priests, laid his helmet at his feet, and read a memorial prayer bareheaded in the sun. Then came forward the pipers and wailed a dirge, while Sudanese played Abide With Me.

Perhaps lips did twitch just a little to see the ebony heathens fervently blowing out Gordon's favourite hymn; but the most irresistible incongruity would hardly have made us laugh at this moment. And there were those who said the cold Sirdar himself could hardly speak or see, as General Hunter and the rest stepped out according to their rank and shook his hand. What wonder? He has trodden this road to Khartoum for fourteen years, and he stood at the goal at last.
Initially, the Church of England padre, the Revd AWB Watson, objected to the participation of his colleagues on the grounds that, as Gordon was a member of the Church of England, their involvement would be both inappropriate and irrelevant. He probably had a point, as Gordon was violently and eccentrically  Protestant.  Kitchener would have none of it. Striking an early blow for ecumenicalism, he told Watson that he had the choice of conducting a joint service with all his fellow clergy or of catching the next steamer back to Cairo. The service, in common with everything else which happened in the Sudan for some time to come, was duly held in accordance with the Sirdar's wishes.

Episcopate

In 1898 Brindle retired from the Army and was appointed an auxiliary bishop for the Archdiocese of Westminster.  He was consecrated titular bishop of Hermopolis in partibus infidelium by Cardinal Satolli at Rome.

In December 1901, he succeeded Bishop Bagshawe as fourth Bishop of Nottingham, and was enthroned in the Nottingham Cathedral 2 January 1902.  His time as bishop was marked by steady consolidation on the work of his three predecessors.

By 1913 the bishop's health was failing and he offered his resignation, which was accepted on 1 June 1915, when he was appointed titular bishop of Tacape. Bishop Brindle spent his last weeks of his life at Mount St Mary's College, Spinkhill, where he died on 27 June 1916.  His funeral took place in the Cathedral before his body was buried in the Cathedral Crypt.


The RC Cathedral, Nottingham



Brindle's Medals
Distinguished Service Order; Egypt, (three clasps, Suakin 1884, El-Teb-Tamaai, The Nile 1884-85); Queen's Sudan; Turkish Order of Osmania, Fourth Class; Turkish Order of the Medjidie, Third Class;  Khedive's Star 1882; Khedive's Sudan 1896-1908 (three clasps, Hafir, The Atbara, Khartou).

Brindle's original DSO, presented to him by Kitchener in Cairo, was stolen from him in Rome. He acquired a replacement at his own expense, which was afterwards presented to him by Queen Victoria in May 1899.

They were sold at Christies in November 2000.  The sale apparently didn't include the neck orders or star.


Update

See  http://diplomatist2.blogspot.co.uk/2012/08/update-on-bishop-brindle-educating.html (posting of 27 August 2012 if you're using the archive tree).